El lenguaje inclusivo y el sentido común linguístico

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https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2196992-el-lenguaje-inclusivo-y-el-sentido-comun-linguistico

G20 y El Futuro del Trabajo, por Andrés Oppenheimer

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https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2196576-el-g-20-y-el-futuro-del-trabajo


(Artículo disponible en Inglés/This article is also available in English)

Todos culpables, por Carlos M. Reymundo Roberts

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https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2196211-catalejo

Trece dispositivos médicos que fueron distribuidos en la Argentina tuvieron alerta sanitaria de alto riesgo, por Iván Ruiz y Maia Jastreblansky/Casos de sobornos a médicos

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https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2196015-trece-dispositivos-medicos-fueron-distribuidos-argentina-tuvieron





https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2196398-the-implant-files--casos-de-sobornos-a-medicos-que-no-avanzaron-en-la-argentina

Una tarde horror, una locura infernal, por Carlos M. Reymundo Roberts

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https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2196144-una-tarde-horror-locura-infernal

El grito de la pobreza, por Facundo Manes

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De la cabeza

El grito de la pobreza

Las neurociencias pueden complementar diversos abordajes sobre el impacto de la pobreza para las personas que la sufren.


Facundo Manes


25/11/2018


Atender a las personas que viven en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social debe ser la prioridad de todo plan de gobierno.

No solo porque es urgente solucionar los déficits de alimentación, las viviendas en condiciones indignas y los obstáculos en el acceso a la educación y la salud, sino porque, además, las investigaciones muestran que la pobreza se asocia con otras desventajas como mayor tasa de deterioro cognitivo y enfermedades mentales.

Estos problemas no afectan sólo a poblaciones pobres, sino también a grupos que conviven con carencias.

La noción de estatus socioeconómico (ES) abarca factores que van más allá de los ingresos familiares. También incluye la educación, el estado ocupacional y la calidad del vecindario.

Nuevos estudios indican que más allá de los efectos perjudiciales de la pobreza material, a los seres humanos también nos afecta la pobreza relativa, es decir, con respecto a los demás. Alguna de las consecuencias observables son baja autoestima, baja motivación y bajo sentido de pertenencia a la sociedad en general.

Un bajo estatus socioeconómico en edades tempranas se asocia con un detrimento en el desempeño en medidas de atención selectiva y control inhibitorio, funciones claves para la toma de decisiones y la focalización en metas.

Numerosos estudios asocian el ES con la autorregulación, entendida como la tendencia a actuar en línea con planes futuros cuando los mismos compiten con recompensas más inmediatas. Estas decisiones se refuerzan día a día y terminan limitando la posibilidad de acción de las personas.

Asimismo, se ha relevado que las personas con bajo ES suelen mostrar una autoeficacia más negativa. Es decir, cuanto menos sentimos que las acciones están bajo el propio control y que tendrán un impacto en la vida, menos proclive nos volvemos a comportarnos de acuerdo con metas futuras.

Además, psicólogos cognitivos han demostrado que las personas en situación de pobreza consumen mucha de su energía en estar atentas a su alrededor y a las necesidades de otros, ya que gran parte de su bienestar depende de decisiones ajenas.

Uno de los factores más estudiados en condiciones de pobreza es el llamado “estrés crónico”. La respuesta de estrés se produce cuando el organismo interpreta que las demandas del entorno exceden a los recursos para hacerles frente, preparando el cuerpo para una respuesta de lucha o huida. Vivir en un entorno donde nos sintamos constantemente amenazados hace que el cerebro esté siempre en este estado. Esto impide el desarrollo de células, neuronas, y conexiones cerebrales, que a su vez impactan en la adquisición de habilidades para planificar, establecer objetivos, tomar decisiones y mantener la estabilidad emocional.

En el corto plazo, el estrés impacta de modo negativo en la toma de decisiones aumentando la carga cognitiva de cada elección y reduciendo la probabilidad de optar por la alternativa más conveniente.

Las neurociencias pueden complementar diversos abordajes sobre el impacto de la pobreza para las personas que la sufren.

Asimismo, ofrecen evidencia para comprender cómo la mala nutrición y un ambiente adverso impactan en el cerebro y, a partir de eso, pensar estrategias de intervención dirigidas al cuidado de la habilidad cognitiva y la resiliencia emocional.

La inequidad y la pobreza son una inmoralidad del presente y una hipoteca social para el futuro de nuestro país. No debe pasar un minuto sin que sea atendido de manera urgente por nuestros gobiernos y subrayado como grito en la agenda pública por toda la sociedad.






Fuente:www.clarin.com (Revista Viva)/https://www.clarin.com/viva/grito-pobreza_0_daSmCsf0U.html

G-20, un hito y una gran oportunidad

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https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2195751-g-20-un-hito-y-una-gran-oportunidad

Americas Got Talent: ZURCAROH - Final, Semifinal e Quartas de final

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America´s Got Talent


ZURCAROH - Final, Semifinal e Quartas de final


Published on Sep 21, 2018

O Grupo Zurcaroh comandado por um brasileiro brilhou no Americas Got Talent 2018. Após receber o gold buzzer (botão de ouro), o Zurcaroh continuou brilhando nas quartas de finais, semifinais e final e ficou em segundo lugar na competição.









Fuente:www.youtube.com

TED TALKS-Barbara Arrowsmith-Young:The Woman Who Changed Her Brain

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TEDxToronto


The Woman Who Changed Her Brain: Barbara Arrowsmith-Young


TEDx Talks

Published on Apr 27, 2013

Barbara Arrowsmith-Young is the Creator and Director of Arrowsmith School and Arrowsmith Program, and the author of the international best-selling book The Woman Who Changed Her Brain (www.barbaraarrowsmithyoung.com/book). She holds a B.A.Sc. in Child Studies from the University of Guelph, and a Master's degree in School Psychology from the University of Toronto (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education). Arrowsmith-Young is recognized as the creator of one of the first practical applications of the principles of neuroplasticity to the treatment of learning disorders. Her program is implemented in 54 schools internationally.








Source:www.youtube.com

Tratando de explicar un país inexplicable, por Carlos M. Reymundo Roberts

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https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2195822-tratando-de-explicar-un-pais-inexplicable

22 DE NOVIEMBRE: DÍA INTERNACIONAL DE LA MÚSICA/SANTA CECILIA

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     DÍA INTERNACIONAL DE LA MÚSICA

Foto: Daiana Quinteros


Hoy 22 de Noviembre se celebra en todo el mundo el Día de la Música en conmemoración a la muerte de Santa Cecilia, o Cecilia de Roma, patrona de la música y de los poetas.

Cuenta la leyenda que allá por el siglo V, Cecilia era una noble romana que pese a su voto de virginidad fue forzada a casarse y consumar su matrimonio. La iglesia cristiana la martirizó por romper sus votos y durante la boda, Cecilia se apartó de todo el mundo para cantar sola y ante Dios sus penas. De ahí en más y por ese acto pasó a ser patrona de los músicos, y a ser representada con un órgano y un laúd.

Desde el siglo XVI, y con un primer registro en 1570 en Normandía (Francia), el viejo continente celebra hoy el Día del Músico con festivales, obras honoríficas y conciertos de todo tipo. La tradición, extendida primero por Europa, llegó a tierras latinoamericanas vía Rio de Janeiro en 1920, y de ahí se extendió hacia el norte y hacia el sur.

En Argentina, sin embargo, en vez de conmemorar a mártires romanas del cristianismo preferimos rendir homenaje a un músico real, contemporáneo, y acaso uno de los mejores: el Flaco Spinetta. Por iniciativa del Instituto Nacional de la Música (INAMU) y aprobado por unanimidad en Cámara de Senadores en 2014, Argentina celebra el Día del Músico el 23 de Enero, en honor al nacimiento de Luis Alberto Spinetta.

Así que feliz día, o no, para todos los músicos.











Fuente:https://indiehoy.com/noticias/se-celebra-dia-la-musica-mundo-argentina-no/www.youtube.com

22nd November: HAPPY THANKSGIVING DAY!

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               22nd November: HAPPY THANKSGIVING DAY!

Source:Google Images

TED TALKS-Alexander Belcredi:How a long-forgotten virus could help us solve the antibiotics crisis-TED@BCG | October 2018

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TED@BCG | October 2018



Alexander Belcredi:How a long-forgotten virus could help us solve the antibiotics crisis



Viruses have a bad reputation -- but some of them could one day save your life, says biotech entrepreneur Alexander Belcredi. In this fascinating talk, he introduces us to phages, naturally-occurring viruses that hunt and kill harmful bacteria with deadly precision, and shows how these once-forgotten organisms could provide new hope against the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant superbugs.


ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Alexander Belcredi · Biotech entrepreneur

Alexander Belcredi studies how viruses can help in the fight against superbugs.

Transcript:


Take a moment and think about a virus. What comes to your mind? An illness? A fear? Probably something really unpleasant. And yet, viruses are not all the same. It's true, some of them cause devastating disease. But others can do the exact opposite -- they can cure disease. These viruses are called "phages."
Now, the first time I heard about phages was back in 2013. My father-in-law, who's a surgeon, was telling me about a woman he was treating. The woman had a knee injury, required multiple surgeries, and over the course of these, developed a chronic bacterial infection in her leg. Unfortunately for her, the bacteria causing the infection also did not respond to any antibiotic that was available. So at this point, typically, the only option left is to amputate the leg to stop the infection from spreading further. Now, my father-in-law was desperate for a different kind of solution, and he applied for an experimental, last-resort treatment using phages. And guess what? It worked. Within three weeks of applying the phages, the chronic infection had healed up, where before, no antibiotic was working. I was fascinated by this weird conception: viruses curing an infection. To this day, I am fascinated by the medical potential of phages. And I actually quit my job last year to build a company in this space.
Now, what is a phage? The image that you see here was taken by an electron microscope. And that means what we see on the screen is in reality extremely tiny. The grainy thing in the middle with the head, the long body and a number of feet -- this is the image of a prototypical phage. It's kind of cute.
Now, take a look at your hand. In our team, we've estimated that you have more than 10 billion phages on each of your hands. What are they doing there?
Well, viruses are good at infecting cells. And phages are great at infecting bacteria. And your hand, just like so much of our body, is a hotbed of bacterial activity, making it an ideal hunting ground for phages. Because after all, phages hunt bacteria. It's also important to know that phages are extremely selective hunters. Typically, a phage will only infect a single bacterial species. So in this rendering here, the phage that you see hunts for a bacterium called Staphylococcus aureus, which is known as MRSA in its drug-resistant form. It causes skin or wound infections.
The way the phage hunts is with its feet. The feet are actually extremely sensitive receptors, on the lookout for the right surface on a bacterial cell. Once it finds it, the phage will latch on to the bacterial cell wall and then inject its DNA. DNA sits in the head of the phage and travels into the bacteria through the long body. At this point, the phage reprograms the bacteria into producing lots of new phages. The bacteria, in effect, becomes a phage factory. Once around 50-100 phages have accumulated within the bacteria cell, the phages are then able to release a protein that disrupts the bacteria cell wall. As the bacteria bursts, the phages move out and go on the hunt again for a new bacteria to infect.
Now, I'm sorry, this probably sounded like a scary virus again. But it's exactly this ability of phages -- to multiply within the bacteria and then kill them -- that make them so interesting from a medical point of view. The other part that I find extremely interesting is the scale at which this is going on. Now, just five years ago, I really had no clue about phages. And yet, today I would tell you they are part of a natural principle. Phages and bacteria go back to the earliest days of evolution. They have always existed in tandem, keeping each other in check. So this is really the story of yin and yang, of the hunter and the prey, at a microscopic level. Some scientists have even estimated that phages are the most abundant organism on our planet. So even before we continue talking about their medical potential, I think everybody should know about phages and their role on earth: they hunt, infect and kill bacteria.
Now, how come we have something that works so well in nature, every day, everywhere around us, and yet, in most parts of the world, we do not have a single drug on the market that uses this principle to combat bacterial infections? The simple answer is: no one has developed this kind of a drug yet, at least not one that conforms to the Western regulatory standards that set the norm for so much of the world. To understand why, we need to move back in time.
This is a picture of Félix d'Herelle. He is one of the two scientists credited with discovering phages. Except, when he discovered them back in 1917, he had no clue what he had discovered. He was interested in a disease called bacillary dysentery, which is a bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea, and back then, was actually killing a lot of people, because after all, no cure for bacterial infections had been invented. He was looking at samples from patients who had survived this illness. And he found that something weird was going on. Something in the sample was killing the bacteria that were supposed to cause the disease.
To find out what was going on, he did an ingenious experiment. He took the sample, filtered it until he was sure that only something very small could have remained, and then took a tiny drop and added it to freshly cultivated bacteria. And he observed that within a number of hours, the bacteria had been killed. He then repeated this, again filtering, taking a tiny drop, adding it to the next batch of fresh bacteria. He did this in sequence 50 times, always observing the same effect. And at this point, he made two conclusions. First of all, the obvious one: yes, something was killing the bacteria, and it was in that liquid. The other one: it had to be biologic in nature, because a tiny drop was sufficient to have a huge impact. He called the agent he had found an "invisible microbe" and gave it the name "bacteriophage," which, literally translated, means "bacteria eater." And by the way, this is one of the most fundamental discoveries of modern microbiology. So many modern techniques go back to our understanding of how phages work -- in genomic editing, but also in other fields. And just today, the Nobel Prize in chemistry was announced for two scientists who work with phages and develop drugs based on that.
Now, back in the 1920s and 1930s, people also immediately saw the medical potential of phages. After all, albeit invisible, you had something that reliably was killing bacteria. Companies that still exist today, such as Abbott, Squibb or Lilly, sold phage preparations. But the reality is, if you're starting with an invisible microbe, it's very difficult to get to a reliable drug. Just imagine going to the FDA today and telling them all about that invisible virus you want to give to patients. So when chemical antibiotics emerged in the 1940s, they completely changed the game. And this guy played a major role.
This is Alexander Fleming. He won the Nobel Prize in medicine for his work contributing to the development of the first antibiotic, penicillin. And antibiotics really work very differently than phages. For the most part, they inhibit the growth of the bacteria, and they don't care so much which kind of bacteria are present. The ones that we call broad-spectrum will even work against a whole bunch of bacteria out there. Compare that to phages, which work extremely narrowly against one bacterial species, and you can see the obvious advantage.
Now, back then, this must have felt like a dream come true. You had a patient with a suspected bacterial infection, you gave him the antibiotic, and without really needing to know anything else about the bacteria causing the disease, many of the patients recovered. And so as we developed more and more antibiotics, they, rightly so, became the first-line therapy for bacterial infections. And by the way, they have contributed tremendously to our life expectancy. We are only able to do complex medical interventions and medical surgeries today because we have antibiotics, and we don't risk the patient dying the very next day from the bacterial infection that he might contract during the operation.
So we started to forget about phages, especially in Western medicine. And to a certain extent, even when I was growing up, the notion was: we have solved bacterial infections; we have antibiotics. Of course, today, we know that this is wrong. Today, most of you will have heard about superbugs. Those are bacteria that have become resistant to many, if not all, of the antibiotics that we have developed to treat this infection.
How did we get here? Well, we weren't as smart as we thought we were. As we started using antibiotics everywhere -- in hospitals, to treat and prevent; at home, for simple colds; on farms, to keep animals healthy -- the bacteria evolved. In the onslaught of antibiotics that were all around them, those bacteria survived that were best able to adapt. Today, we call these "multidrug-resistant bacteria." And let me put a scary number out there. In a recent study commissioned by the UK government, it was estimated that by 2050, ten million people could die every year from multidrug-resistant infections. Compare that to eight million deaths from cancer per year today, and you can see that this is a scary number.
But the good news is, phages have stuck around. And let me tell you, they are not impressed by multidrug resistance.
They are just as happily killing and hunting bacteria all around us. And they've also stayed selective, which today is really a good thing. Today, we are able to reliably identify a bacterial pathogen that's causing an infection in many settings. And their selectivity will help us avoid some of the side effects that are commonly associated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. But maybe the best news of all is: they are no longer an invisible microbe. We can look at them. And we did so together before. We can sequence their DNA. We understand how they replicate. And we understand the limitations. We are in a great place to now develop strong and reliable phage-based pharmaceuticals.
And that's what's happening around the globe. More than 10 biotech companies, including our own company, are developing human-phage applications to treat bacterial infections. A number of clinical trials are getting underway in Europe and the US. So I'm convinced that we're standing on the verge of a renaissance of phage therapy. And to me, the correct way to depict the phage is something like this.
To me, phages are the superheroes that we have been waiting for in our fight against multidrug-resistant infections.
So the next time you think about a virus, keep this image in mind. After all, a phage might one day save your life.Thank you.



Source:www.ted.com

How Google.org is helping workers prepare for a digital skill shift, by Jacquelline Fuller

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How Google.org is helping workers prepare for a digital skill shift


Jacquelline Fuller, president of Google.org, shares how her organization is preparing for the future of work through online training that reaches those who need it most.






Video:How is Google.org helping workers prepare for a digital skill shift?



In an increasingly digital economy, the basic qualifications for getting a job are shifting as more roles require technological skills. In fact, research by the McKinsey Global Institute finds that by 2030, the time spent using advanced technological skills at work will increase by 50 percent in the United States and by 41 percent in Europe, and time spent using even basic digital skills will rise by 69 percent in the United States and by 65 percent in Europe.

How can the private sector make sure that the workforce has the skills to meet the new demands of the future of work? McKinsey spoke with Jacquelline Fuller, president of Google.org, to understand better how tech companies view this skills gap and how Google is utilizing online learning while also ensuring that its training is reaching those who need it most.


McKinsey: How do tech companies ensure their workforce has the right skills?

Jacquelline Fuller: The technology sector is on the cutting edge of this, because when you come out of school with a computer-science degree, you know maybe a few languages, but you’re guaranteed that those languages are going to change and the approaches are going to change. So, these are some things that tech companies are familiar with: lifelong learning, reskilling. It’s something that’s just part and parcel of our daily work. McKinsey’s been one of the leaders in helping us all understand that maybe as much as a third of us—one in three of us—are going to have to do something different, because the job that we’re doing or role that we’re doing, the skills are going to change so much by 2030.

McKinsey: How is Google.org helping more people from all backgrounds participate in an increasingly digital economy?

Jacquelline Fuller: What we learned from our own business is that we were having a really hard time filling our tech-stop1 roles. Almost every business that relies on technology to keep the servers humming, to keep our computers working, needs a tech stop—a place where you can go and say, “Help me with my computer.”

If you look across the economy, there are around 150,000 unfilled roles. This is not just a Google problem. And the thing about the tech industry is, we can overemphasize the role of a four-year computer-science degree and ignore some of the other roles that open up in a digital economy. This role in particular—IT support professional—is one where nearly anyone can do this job and go from zero skills to fully accredited in eight to 12 months.

To address this gap, we took our training and put it online, through Coursera, and we’re providing about 10,000 scholarships for folks to participate. And we got employers at the back end to say, “We will take a very close look at folks coming out of this credentialing program, to hire.” And in fact, Google has already had its first hire coming out of this program.

One of the things that we really want to see is having more women and other underrepresented groups come to the table and join us—and join the tech industry—as creators of technology, as creators of our tech solutions, our platforms, and our features. We don’t need everyone to be a coder. What we do need is to make sure that everyone who would enjoy it as a career and who’d be excellent at it has the opportunity to participate.

In the area of job skills, we’re particularly looking at people who are currently in the workforce and who are, right now, struggling either to find a job or to “up-level” their job, to improve their job situation. For example, we’re partnering with Goodwill. They facilitate one in every 200 job entries in the US each year. And they work with the most disadvantaged populations, really our most vulnerable citizens. They’re deeply, deeply embedded in communities. Google can come alongside them and help augment their digital-skills training and say, “Let’s ensure that everyone who’s going through Goodwill training who wants to have access to better digital skills [gets it]—that we can help reach more people and help raise the caliber of that training.”


McKinsey: Is online learning the solution to the skills gap?

Jacquelline Fuller: What’s interesting about online learning is, people get very excited about online learning and think, “Well, that’s a solution. We’ll just do digital skills training, and we’ll just make these courses available for free.” But if you look at completion rates for most online learning, the completion rates are fairly low, and they’re actually lowest for the people who need it the most.

One of the things we know that’s effective for people who come from disadvantaged communities and underresourced communities is having a coach. We’re now looking at how to take the evidence base of having coaches—and mentors and encouragers—and thinking about using something like AI [artificial intelligence] to develop chat bots, or more automated ways to augment human coaches and encouragers, to help. For example, sending the text message at the right time saying, “Hey, we notice you haven’t done the homework for this class.”

One of the “moon shot” areas is thinking about how we can harness AI to help us have more thoughtful, automated, and scalable approaches that help the most disadvantaged take advantage of these courses.

About the author(s)

Jacquelline Fuller is the president of Google.org. Rik Kirkland, a partner in McKinsey’s London office, conducted this interview.




Source:https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/how-google-dot-org-is-helping-workers-prepare-for-a-digital-skill-shift?cid=other-eml-alt-mgi-mck-oth-1811&hlkid=16f02899e35247aba14696d5e57bbb25&hctky=2724164&hdpid=31979090-ff4a-4492-b635-34187f0a3570

Encuentran al ARA San Juan

The following information is used for educational purposes only.


A 800 METROS DE PROFUNDIDAD

Submarino ARA San Juan: encontraron el submarino perdido hace un año

Fuentes oficiales confirmaron a Clarín el hallazgo de la nave desaparecida el 15 de noviembre del año pasado con 44 personas a bordo.

Imágen distribuida por la Armada Argentina sobre el hallazgo.(Fuente:Google Images-Infobae)


17/11/2018

              Submarino ARA San Juan

La noticia que la empresa norteamericana Ocean Infinity había salido a buscar finalmente se confirmó anoche: el submarino argentino ARA San Juan fue hallado a 800 metros de profundidad y a unos 500 kilómetros de la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia.

Las primeras informaciones, confirmadas casi de inmediato por la Armada y el Gobierno, señalaron que los restos de la nave, que estaría “achatada en la proa y bastante intacta”, fueron localizados en el mismo lugar donde hace un año había tenido lugar la “falla hidroacústica”, informada en su momento por organismos internacionales. Es una noticia que alivia a los familiares, quienes siempre se mantuvieron en posición de reclamo y le exigieron al Poder Ejecutivo por todos los medios que no se abandonara la búsqueda de los 44 tripulantes.


El barco Seabed Constructor logró dar con el submarino. (Germán García Adrasti)(Ver nota fuente)

Sobre la medianoche, el ministro de Defensa, Oscar Aguad, le dio aviso de inmediato al presidente Macri. Y en simultáneo, desde la cubierta del buque noruego Seabed Constructor los familiares embarcados como observadores del operativo se comunicaron con el resto de los familiares en tierra, que se mantienen alojados en un hotel de Mar del Plata y que hoy se congregarán para recibir más novedades y detalles técnicos en la Base Naval.

ARA San Juan: cuál es el lugar exacto donde encontraron al submarino (Ver nota fuente)

El parte oficial comenzó a circular una hora después y fue escueto: “El Ministerio de Defensa y la Armada Argentina informan que en el día de la fecha habiéndose investigado el (Punto Dato) POI 24 informado por la empresa Ocean Infinity, mediante la observación realizada con un ROV (vehículo de observación remota) a 800 mts de profundidad, se ha dado identificación positiva al submarino ARA San Juan".

La información dio paso a una madrugada de emociones mezcladas. “Estamos todos conmocionados con la noticia”, alcanzó a decir Jorge Villarreal, padre de uno de los tripulantes. “Justicia y verdad era lo que pedíamos y con todo esto nosotros estamos orgullosos. Sabemos donde están nuestros hijos. Esperamos pronto recibir alguna fotografía, esperamos poder darles la despedida que se merecen. Así podremos tener paz”, agregó.

Fuentes del ministerio de Defensa confirmaron a Clarín que todavía es muy prematuro confirmar si la nave podrá o no ser retirada de la zona de “cañadones” donde se encuentra. “A priori, creemos que será muy difícil, pero ese es un trabajo que comienza a partir de ahora y por supuesto también está la idea de si será o no posible recuperar los cuerpos de los tripulantes”, expresaron. La jueza Marta Yañez, en Caleta Olivia, espera recibir este sábado los primeros informes técnicos sobre el hallazgo.

Mientras tanto, lo que está decretado de hecho es el fin de la búsqueda. La empresa Ocean Infinty cambió sus planes de inmediato y no se irá a Ciudad del Cabo como tenía previsto ayer mismo, sino que regresará al puerto de Comodoro Rivadavia para volcar toda la información recabada. La ciudad de Chubut será de ahora en más la base operativa ante un hipotético operativo de rescate. Hay que recordar que el contrato que la compañía cerró con el Gobierno establece que cobrará siete millones de dólares por haber encontrado la nave. No está claro si Ocean Infinity cuenta con las condiciones técnicas como para encarar la recuperación de la nave argentina.

El hallazgo fue de alguna manera inesperado. El jueves, sobre el cierre de la primera etapa del operativo, en una reunión de coordinación a bordo del buque Seabed Constructor, la empresa informó sobre el nuevo contacto que sería verificado. Los datos eran alentadores: 60 metros de largo, 800 metros de profundidad. Había razones para esperanzarse. Sobre todo porque las imágenes obtenidas eran extremadamente sugerentes. Sobre un fondo marrón, se destacaban figuras repartidas en el cuadrante, como piedras. Era el submarino.

En la tarde del viernes, la embarcación enfiló hacia el punto en cuestión. Al principio, las malas condiciones climáticas amenazaron el operativo, pero finalmente la navegación se perfiló. Llegaron al punto de interés 24, que está en el área 15 A 4, un sector de cañadones profundos (una suerte de ríos y quebradas submarinas) que fue barrida durante el operativo de las fuerzas internacionales.

Una vez en el lugar, comenzaron las operaciones. Se llevaron a cabo con extrema profesionalidad. Según informaron a Clarín las fuentes de la Armada no tuvo que suceder demasiado más. El ROV, ese robot de inmersión que permite llegar a los mil metros de profundidad, llegó hasta la coraza misma de acero. Y envió la información a la superficie. Era la nave argentina. Llegaba el momento de avisar a las familias.


Fuente:https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/confirmado-seabed-constructor-encontro-submarino-ara-san-juan_0_Mj_c8JevB.html

Fuente:www.lanacion.com.ar

Un Teatro para TODOS

The following information is used for educational purposes only.




https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2192618-un-teatro-para-todos

ARA SAN JUAN: 15 de Noviembre del 2017-15 de Noviembre del 2018-NO OLVIDEMOS

The following information is used for educational purposes only.


             ARA SAN JUAN: 44 HÉROES


Argentinos, abnegados

Realistas,racionales

Alegres, amigables

Sabios,serenos

Apreciados, agradables

Nobles, naturales

Jóvenes, justos

Universales, únicos

Auténticos, añorados

Notables, no-violentos


Hoy, hace exactamente un año, desaparecía el ARA SAN JUAN 

con 44 tripulantes.

Por esos HÉROES, sus familiares, amigos y por TODOS nosotros 

como Argentinos y Nación NO OLVIDEMOS.

 Desde el pequeño lugar que ocupemos, hagamos oír nuestra voz,

propongamos ideas, y contribuyamos con nuestras acciones de 

modo que lleguemos a saber  qué sucedió con ellos y cómo fueron 

los verdaderos hechos.

Si muchas voces se van sumando cada vez más  a éste como a 

otros temas que hacen a nuestra realidad, seguramente 

obtendremos las respuestas que todavía hoy siguen pendientes.

Que estos hechos-como tantos otros tristes, injustos, inesperados e 

inexplicables- nos sirvan de enseñanza y nos den fuerzas para 

crecer, crear, proponer y seguir en esa lucha diaria que es la vida 

misma, así como se presenta;sin manual ni receta.


Fuente:Google Images/Acróstico y palabras de Clara Moras.

New York Times: How Emotions Can Affect the Heart, by Anahad O’Connor (Eng/Sp Versions)

The following information is used for educational purposes only.


How Emotions Can Affect the Heart

In “Heart: A History,” Dr. Sandeep Jauhar argues that doctors need to devote more attention to how factors like unhappy relationships and work stress influence heart disease.

Stuart Bradford for The New York Times


By Anahad O’Connor

Oct. 30, 2018

A century ago, the scientist Karl Pearson was studying cemetery headstones when he noticed something peculiar: Husbands and wives often died within a year of one another.

Though not widely appreciated at the time, studies now show that stress and despair can significantly influence health, especially that of the heart. One of the most striking examples is a condition known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken-heart syndrome, in which the death of a spouse, financial worries or some other emotional event severely weakens the heart, causing symptoms that mimic a heart attack. This emotional burden transforms the heart into a shape that resembles a traditional Japanese pot called a Takotsubo, which has a narrow neck and a wide bottom.

The link between emotional health and heart health is the subject of a new book, “Heart: A History,” by Dr. Sandeep Jauhar. Dr. Jauhar, a cardiologist, traces the history of cardiovascular medicine and explores its remarkable technological advances, from open-heart surgery to the artificial heart. But while these cardiac innovations have been transformative, Dr. Jauhar argues that the field of cardiology needs to devote more attention to the emotional factors that can influence heart disease, like unhappy relationships, poverty, income inequality and work stress.

“I think the iterative technological advances will continue,” he said. “But the big frontier is going to be in marshaling more resources to address the intersection of the emotional heart and the biological heart.”

Dr. Jauhar’s interest in this subject stems from his family’s malignant history with heart disease, which killed several of his relatives. As a young boy, he heard stories about his paternal grandfather, who died suddenly at the age of 57 when a frightening encounter with a black cobra in India caused him to have a heart attack. He became fascinated with the heart but also terrified of it. “I had this fear of the heart as the executioner of men in the prime of their lives,” he said.

After medical school, he did a cardiology fellowship and became the director of the heart failure program at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, as well as a contributing opinion writer for The New York Times. At the age of 45, Dr. Jauhar had his own brush with heart disease. Despite exercising regularly and leading a healthy lifestyle, an elective procedure called a CT angiogram revealed that he had blockages in his coronary arteries. As he reviewed the radiographic images of his heart, Dr. Jauhar came to a startling realization.

“Sitting numbly in that dark room,” he writes, “I felt as if I were getting a glimpse of how I was probably going to die.”

The heart is both a simple biological machine and a vital organ that many cultures have revered as the emotional seat of the soul. It is a symbol of romance, sadness, sincerity, fear and even courage, which comes from the Latin word for heart, “cor.” The heart, simply put, is a pump that circulates blood. But it is also an astonishing workhorse. It is the only organ that can move itself, beating three billion times in the average person’s lifetime, with the capacity to empty a swimming pool in a week. This is why surgeons did not dare to operate on it until the end of the 19th century, long after other organs had already been operated on, including the brain.

“You can’t suture something that’s moving, and you couldn’t cut it because the patient would bleed to death,” Dr. Jauhar said.

In his new book, Dr. Jauhar tells the stories of the intrepid doctors who pioneered cardiovascular surgery in the late 19th century, cutting open patients to deftly repair acute wounds with needles and catgut before quickly closing them back up to avoid heavy bleeding. More complicated procedures, however, necessitated more sophisticated machinery. Surgeons needed a device that could take over the job of the heart so they could temporarily stop the organ from beating and cut into it to repair congenital defects and other chronic problems.

That led Dr. C. Walton Lillehei to develop cross-circulation, a procedure in which a heart patient was hooked up to a second person whose heart and lungs could pump and oxygenate their blood during long procedures. Dr. Lillehei practiced cross-circulation on dogs before finally trying the procedure on humans in 1954. Like other heart surgeons who would advance the field through risky procedures, Dr. Lillehei faced enormous criticism as he tried to break new ground.

“His critics were aghast,” said Dr. Jauhar. “They said, this is the first operation in the history of mankind that could kill not one but two people.”

Some of Dr. Lillehei’s patients survived. Others succumbed to infections and other complications. But the work he did allowed others to develop the heart-lung machine, which today is used in more than a million cardiac operations around the globe each year. Since then scientists have developed procedures that bypass or prop open diseased coronary arteries, as well as implantable cardiac devices and heart medications that save millions of lives annually.

Nationwide, heart disease is still the leading killer of adults. But cardiovascular medicine has grown by leaps and bounds: Mortality after a heart attack has dropped tenfold since the late 1950s. Yet the role that emotional health plays in the development of the disease remains largely underappreciated, Dr. Jauhar says. He traces this to the landmark Framingham Heart Study, started in 1948, which followed thousands of Americans and identified important cardiovascular risk factors like cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking. The Framingham investigators initially considered looking at psychosocial determinants of heart disease as well, but ultimately decided to focus on things that were more easily measured.

“What came out of it were the risk factors that we now know and treat,” Dr. Jauhar said. “What was eliminated were things like emotional dysfunction and marital health.”

That, he says, was a mistake. In the decades since then, other studies have shown that people who feel socially isolated or chronically stressed by work or relationships are more prone to heart attacks and strokes. Studies on Japanese immigrants to America found that their heart disease risk multiplies. But those who retain their traditional Japanese culture and strong social bonds are protected: Their heart disease rates do not rise. Dr. Jauhar argues that health authorities should list emotional stress as a key modifiable risk factor for heart disease. But it is much easier to focus on cholesterol than emotional and social disruption.

According to some studies, doctors give their patients about 11 seconds on average to explain the reasons for their clinical visit before interrupting them. Since writing the book, Dr. Jauhar has a newfound appreciation for letting patients talk about the things that are bothering them so he can better understand their emotional lives. He has also tried his hand at new habits to help reduce stress, like yoga and meditation. He exercises daily now, spends more time with his children, and is better able to relate to his patients since discovering his own heart disease.

“I used to be so wrapped up in the rat race that I was probably putting an inordinate amount of stress on myself,” he said. “Now I think about how to live a little more healthfully, to live in a more relaxed way. I have also bonded more with my patients and their fears about their own hearts.”

Anahad O’Connor is a staff reporter covering health, science, nutrition and other topics. He is also a bestselling author of consumer health books such as “Never Shower in a Thunderstorm” and “The 10 Things You Need to Eat.”

A version of this article appears in print on Nov. 6, 2018, on Page D6 of the New York edition with the headline: Your Heart Has Feelings, Too.



El efecto de las emociones en el corazón

Por ANAHAD O’CONNOR

9 de Noviembre de 2018

Stuart Bradford para The New York Times


Hace un siglo, el científico Karl Pearson tuvo un hallazgo peculiar mientras observaba las lápidas en cementerios: los cónyuges usualmente fallecían un año después del otro.

Aunque no fue algo muy comentado en ese momento, los estudios muestran que el estrés y la desesperanza pueden afectar de manera significativa la salud, sobre todo la cardíaca. Uno de los ejemplos más claros es la miocardiopatía de takotsubo, apodada síndrome de corazón roto, en el que la muerte de una pareja, las preocupaciones financieras o algún otro evento emocional debilita el músculo con síntomas similares a los de un infarto. El peso emocional hace que el corazón quede en una forma similar a la de una vasija japonesa llamada takotsubo: una base ancha y un cuello angosto.

Ese vínculo entre nuestras emociones y nuestra salud cardíaca es el tema del libro Heart: A History (El corazón: una historia) del doctor Sandeep Jauhar. El cardiólogo estudia la historia de la medicina cardiovascular y de los avances tecnológicos en esta, desde la operación a corazón abierta hasta el desarrollo de corazones artificiales. Aunque esas innovaciones cardíacas han sido destacables, Jauhar argumenta que los estudios cardiológicos necesitan enfocarse más en los factores emocionales que pueden tener influencia en el desarrollo de padecimientos cardíacos, como vivir en la pobreza, el estrés laboral o relaciones amorosas y familiares infelices.

“Creo que los avances tecnológicos continuarán”, dijo. “Pero la gran frontera no explorada es dedicar más recursos a revisar la intersección del corazón emocional y el corazón biológico”.

El interés de Jauhar en el tema surgió con su propia historia familiar con padecimientos cardíacos, que resultaron en la muerte de varios familiares. Cuando era niño escuchó historias como la de su abuelo, quien falleció de manera imprevista a los 57 años por un paro cardíaco tras toparse con una cobra negra en India. A Jauhar desde entonces el corazón se le hizo tanto fascinante como terrorífico, aún más cuando a él le detectaron bloqueos arteriales pese a su vida de ejercicio regular y alimentación saludable. “Me imaginaba con miedo cómo el corazón era el verdugo de los hombres en su plenitud”, dijo.

El corazón es tanto una máquina biológica relativamente sencilla como un órgano vital que muchas culturas piensan alberga el alma. Es símbolo de romance, de tristeza, sinceridad, temor y hasta de valentía. El corazón, cuyo nombre proviene del latín cor, es una bomba que hace circular la sangre; el único órgano que puede propulsarse solo, con un promedio de tres mil millones de pulsos durante la vida de una persona y con la capacidad para vaciar el contenido de una piscina en el plazo de una semana.

En el libro, Jauhar cuenta la historia de los primeros doctores intrépidos que fueron pioneros de las operaciones cardiovasculares a finales del siglo XIX, que empezaron a usar hilo y aguja para reparar heridas antes de rápidamente suturar para evitar que el paciente se desangrara. Otros procedimientos más complicados requirieron del desarrollo de maquinaria especializada; los cirujanos necesitaban un aparato que pudiera hacer el trabajo del corazón de modo que pudieran detener a este temporalmente para reparar cuestiones más complicadas, como defectos congénitos y problemas crónicos.

El doctor C. Walton Lillehei desarrolló la circulación cruzada controlada, procedimiento en el que el paciente era conectado a una segunda persona cuyo corazón y pulmones bombeaban y oxigenaban la sangre durante intervenciones tardadas (Lillehei practicó con perros antes de usarlo en humanos, en 1954).

Algunos de los pacientes de Lillehei sobrevivieron; otros desarrollaron infecciones y diversas complicaciones. Pero su trabajo permitió el invento de la máquina de corazón-pulmón, o aparato de bomba extracorpórea, que hoy se usa en más de un millón de operaciones mundiales cada año. Desde entonces han surgido muchos más procedimientos, como el bypass, y aparatos que se implantan.

Es decir, la medicina cardiovascular se ha desarrollado precipitadamente, aunque hoy en día no hay suficientes estudios sobre el papel que tiene la salud emocional, a decir de Jauhar. El médico habla sobre el primer gran estudio, el Framingham, realizado en Estados Unidos desde 1948. Con este se logró identificar factores de riesgo importantes como el nivel de colesterol, la presión sanguínea y el fumar. Los investigadores consideraron en un inicio revisar determinantes psicosociales, pero al final se enfocaron en cuestiones más fáciles de medir.

“De ahí salieron los factores de riesgo que conocemos y tratamos”, dijo Jauhar. “Lo que eliminaron del estilo fueron los temas de disfunción emocional o salud en pareja”.

Eso fue un error, asegura el doctor. Desde entonces otros estudios aparte han demostrado que la gente que se siente aislada o padece estrés crónico debido al trabajo o sus relaciones es más propensa a tener paros cardíacos y apoplejías. Jauhar ahora insta a las autoridades de salud a que tomen en cuenta el estrés emocional como un factor de riesgo en las cardiopatías. Sin embargo, es más sencillo enfocarse en el colesterol.

De hecho, algunos estudios señalan que los médicos les dan un promedio de once segundos a sus pacientes para que expliquen por qué están en consulta antes de interrumpirlos. Desde que escribió el libro, Jauhar ha valorado más que los pacientes puedan hablar sobre los temas que los aquejan para entender mejor sus vidas emocionales. También ha intentado impulsar nuevos hábitos para reducir el estrés, como el yoga y la meditación. Él se ejercita diariamente, pasa más tiempo con sus hijos y se relaciona más con sus pacientes desde que descubrió su propio padecimiento cardíaco.

“Estaba tan enfocado en la competencia por logros que en realidad me estaba poniendo a mí mismo en una posición de mucho estrés”, dijo. “Ahora pienso en cómo vivir de manera un poco más saludable, de estar más relajado. También tengo mejores vínculos con mis pacientes y con sus temores sobre su corazón”.



Source/Fuente:https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/30/well/live/how-emotions-can-affect-the-heart.html/https://www.nytimes.com/es/2018/11/09/corazon-cardiopatia-emociones/

Multiple Intelligences Theory: Widely Used, Yet Misunderstood, by Youki Terada

The following information is used for educational purposes only.



MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

Multiple Intelligences Theory: Widely Used, Yet Misunderstood

One of the most popular ideas in education is applied in ways that its creator never intended.

By Youki Terada

October 15, 2018

Ikon Images/Stuart Kinlough



When Howard Gardner introduced his multiple intelligences theory 35 years ago, it was a revolutionary idea that challenged long-cherished beliefs.

At the time, psychologists were interested in general intelligence—a person’s ability to solve problems and apply logical reasoning across a wide range of disciplines. Popularized in part by the IQ test, which was originally developed in the early 1900s to assess a child’s ability to “understand, reason, and make judgments,” the idea of general intelligence helped explain why some students seemed to excel at many subjects. Gardner found the concept too limiting.

“Most lay and scholarly writings about intelligence focus on a combination of linguistic and logical intelligences. The particular intellectual strengths, I often maintain, of a law professor,” Gardner explains. Having grown up playing piano, Gardner wondered why the arts weren’t included in discussions about intelligence. As a graduate student studying psychology in the 1960s, he felt “struck by the virtual absence of any mention of the arts in the key textbooks.”

That doubt planted the seed that grew into Gardner’s big insight: The prevailing idea of a single, monolithic intelligence didn’t match the world he observed. Surely Mozart’s genius was partially, but not fully, explained by an extraordinary musical intelligence. And wasn’t it the case that all people demonstrated a wide range of intellectual capabilities—from linguistic to social to logical—that were often mutually reinforcing, and that ebbed and flowed over time based on a person’s changing interests and efforts?

Those hypotheses have largely been confirmed by recent studies from the fields of neuroscience. A 2015 study, for example, upends the centuries-old idea that reading occurs in distinct areas of the brain; scientists have discovered, instead, that language processing “involves all of the regions of the brain, because it involves all cognitive functioning of humans”—not just visual processing but also attention, abstract reasoning, working memory, and predicting, to name a few. And a growing body of evidence has dramatically altered our understanding of brain development, revealing that we continue to grow and change intellectually well into adulthood.

MISTAKES WERE MADE

But if Gardner’s objective was to broaden and democratize our conception of intelligence—an idea that resonates deeply with teachers—the pull of the old model has been hard to shake. Today, the idea of multiple intelligences is as popular as ever, but it’s starting to look suspiciously like the theory Gardner sought to displace.

“It’s true that I write a lot and also that I am misunderstood a lot,” says Gardner, who originally proposed seven distinct intelligences, adding an eighth a decade later. The big mistake: In popular culture, and in our educational system, the theory of multiple intelligences has too often been conflated with learning styles, reducing Gardner’s premise of a multifaceted system back to a single “preferred intelligence”: Students are visual or auditory learners, for example, but never both. We’ve stumbled into the same old trap—we’ve simply traded one intelligence for another.

“If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or ‘a visual learner,’ that’s their prerogative,” Gardner clarifies. “But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst.”

It’s clear that children learn differently—teachers in Edutopia’s audience are adamant on that score—but research shows that when students process and retain information, there is no dominant biological style, and that when teachers try to match instruction to a perceived learning style, the benefits are nonexistent.

Still, the idea endures.


WIDE ACCEPTANCE

Over 90 percent of teachers believe that students learn better when they receive information tailored to their preferred learning styles, but that’s a myth, explains Paul Howard-Jones, professor of neuroscience and education at the University of Bristol. “The brain’s interconnectivity makes such an assumption unsound, and reviews of educational literature and controlled laboratory studies fail to support this approach to teaching.”

Students are also swayed by the idea. In a study published earlier this year, medical professors Polly Husmann and Valerie O’Loughlin found that many of their students “still hold to the conventional wisdom that learning styles are legitimate,” and often adapt their study strategies to match these learning styles. But after analyzing the test scores of these students, researchers found no improvement. Instead, they found that tried-and-true strategies—such as viewing microscope slides online—worked equally well for all students, whether they considered themselves linguistic or visual learners.

The study highlights the value of learning through multiple modalities, which is an effective way to boost memory and understanding. A 2015 study found that students have a deeper conceptual understanding of a lesson when teachers pair lectures with diagrams. And a review spanning three decades of research found that students retain more information when textbooks contain illustrations because the images complement the text. When students use more than one medium to process a lesson, learning is more deeply encoded—and being overly reliant on a perceived dominant learning style is a recipe for learning less effectively.

SOME DOS AND DON’TS

So what should teachers do? Gardner argues that “multiple intelligences should not, in and of itself, be an educational goal.” Instead, here are a few evidence-based dos and don’ts for applying multiple intelligences theory in your classroom.

Do:

*Give students multiple ways to access information: Not only will your lessons be more engaging, but students will be more likely to remember information that’s presented in different ways.

*Individualize your lessons: It still makes sense to differentiate your instruction, even if students don’t have a single dominant learning style. Avoid a one-size-fits-all method of teaching, and think about students’ needs and interests.

*Incorporate the arts into your lessons: Schools often focus on the linguistic and logical intelligences, but we can nurture student growth by letting them express themselves in different ways. As Gardner explains, “My theory of multiple intelligences provides a basis for education in the arts. According to this theory, all of us as human beings possess a number of intellectual potentials.”

Don’t:

*Label students with a particular type of intelligence: By pigeonholing students, we deny them opportunities to learn at a deeper, richer level. Labels—such as “book smart” or “visual learner”—can be harmful when they discourage students from exploring other ways of thinking and learning, or from developing their weaker skills.

*Confuse multiple intelligences with learning styles: A popular misconception is that learning styles is a useful classroom application of multiple intelligences theory. “This notion is incoherent,” argues Gardner. We read and process spatial information with our eyes, but reading and processing require different types of intelligence. It doesn’t matter what sense we use to pick up information—what matters is how our brain processes that information. “Drop the term styles. It will confuse others, and it won't help either you or your students,” Gardner suggests.

*Try to match a lesson to a student’s perceived learning style: Although students may have a preference for how material is presented, there’s little evidence that matching materials to a preference will enhance learning. In matching, an assumption is made that there’s a single best way to learn, which may ultimately prevent students and teachers from using strategies that work. “When one has a thorough understanding of a topic, one can typically think of it in several ways,” Gardner explains.






Source:https://www.edutopia.org/article/multiple-intelligences-theory-widely-used-yet-misunderstood

R.I.P. 12-11-18:Murió Stan Lee, el cerebro detrás de todos los superhéroes éxito de Marvel

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Murió Stan Lee, el cerebro detrás de todos los superhéroes éxito de Marvel

El guionista, productor y escritor fue creador de Spider Man, Hulk y X Men, entre muchos otros.

Stan Lee falleció este lunes, a los 95 años. /DPA



El guionista, productor y escritor Stan Lee falleció este lunes a los 95 años en su casa de Hollywood, según confirma TMZ.

Lee fue creador de los superhéroes de comics más exitosos de Marvel, incluyendo a Spider Man, Hulk, los X Men, Iron Man y The Avengers.

"Mi padre amó a todos sus fans. Fue el hombre más decente y grande", dijo a TMZ Joan Celia Lee, hija del dibujante.

Muy pocos creadores han dejado una marca tan indeleble en la cultura popular. Según el sitio de cifras de taquilla The-Numbers, las películas de superhéroes adaptados de los cómics de Lee han recaudado más de 24.000 millones de dólares en todo el mundo.

Sus fans lo comparan con el mismísimo Walt Disney e incluso George RR Martin, creador de Game of Thrones, llegó a decir que "Stan está al nivel de Walt Disney si se trata de grandes creadores no solo de un personaje sino de toda una galaxia de personajes que se han vuelto parte de nuestras vidas. En la actualidad creo que probablemente es más grande que Disney".

Stanley Lieber, hijo de migrantes rumanos judíos, nació en la ciudad de Nueva York en 1922. Lo contrataron en 1939 como asistente en Timely Comics, una división de una revista sensacionalista que prometía poco y que, eventualmente, sería renombrada Marvel.

Al año siguiente, buena parte del personal se marchó y Lieber fue nombrado editor por lo que se cambió el apellido a Lee con la esperanza de poder usar su verdadero nombre cuando publicara las grandes novelas que esperaba poder escribir. Y ahí quedaron cimentados los dos grandes temas de su vida: sentirse como que su trabajo no iba más allá de fruslerías culturales y el hecho de que era un empleado corporativo que no era dueño de los derechos de sus creaciones.

Su mayor racha de inspiración empezó en 1961, cuando Lee tenía casi 40 años y ya estaba más que desencantado con su carrera. Al lado del artista Jack Kirby, creó los Cuatro Fantásticos, un éxito que superó el año siguiente con la invención del Hombre Araña junto con el artista Steve Ditko.

Entre los personajes que creó a lo largo de la siguiente década con esos artistas, y con otros, están los Hombres-X, Iron Man, Hulk, Thor, Doctor Strange y, en 1966, Pantera Negra: el rey guerrero africano cuya reciente adaptación fílmica ha recaudado más de 1300 millones de dólares en taquilla.




Every Stan Lee Cameo Ever (1989-2018)


SuperHeroesEvolution

Published on Dec 11, 2017

Every Marvel fan knows who is the Stan Lee. The king of Cameos showed up in more than 30 

movies and we want to show you every scene where Stan Lee appeared.

So we bring you Every Stan Lee Appearance in 10 minutes.






Fuente:www.clarin.com/www.youtube.com

TED TALKS-Özlem Cekic: Why U have coffee with people who send me hate mail-We the Future | September 2018

The following information is used for educational purposes only.



We the Future | September 2018


Özlem Cekic: Why U have coffee with people who send me hate mail


Özlem Cekic's email inbox has been full of hate mail since 2007, when she won a seat in the Danish Parliament -- becoming the first female Muslim to do so. At first she just deleted the emails, dismissing them as the work of fanatics, until one day a friend made an unexpected suggestion: to reach out to the hate mail writers and invite them to meet for coffee. Hundreds of "dialogue coffee" meetings later, Cekic shares how face-to-face conversation can be one of the most powerful forces to disarm hate -- and challenges us all to engage with people we disagree with.



ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Özlem Cekic · Bridge builder, author

Born in Turkey with Kurdish roots, Özlem Sara Cekic was one of the first women

with a Muslim immigrant background to be elected to the Danish Parliament, 

where she served from 2007 to 2015.

Transcript:

My inbox is full of hate mails and personal abuse and has been for years. In 2010, I started answering those mails and suggesting to the writer that we might meet for coffee and a chat. I have had hundreds of encounters. They have taught me something important that I want to share with you.
I was born in Turkey from Kurdish parents and we moved to Denmark when I was a young child. In 2007, I ran for a seat in the Danish parliament as one of the first women with a minority background. I was elected, but I soon found out that not everyone was happy about it as I had to quickly get used to finding hate messages in my inbox. Those emails would begin with something like this: "What's a raghead like you doing in our parliament?" I never answered. I'd just delete the emails. I just thought that the senders and I had nothing in common. They didn't understand me, and I didn't understand them. Then one day, one of my colleagues in the parliament said that I should save the hate mails. "When something happens to you, it will give the police a lead."
I noticed that she said, "When something happens" and not "if."
Sometimes hateful letters were also sent to my home address. The more I became involved in public debate, the more hate mail and threats I received. After a while, I got a secret address and I had to take extra precautions to protect my family. Then in 2010, a Nazi began to harass me. It was a man who had attacked Muslim women on the street. Over time, it became much worse. I was at the zoo with my children, and the phone was ringing constantly. It was the Nazi. I had the impression that he was close. We headed home. When we got back, my son asked, "Why does he hate you so much, Mom, when he doesn't even know you?" "Some people are just stupid," I said. And at the time, I actually thought that was a pretty clever answer. And I suspect that that is the answer most of us would give. The others -- they are stupid, brainwashed, ignorant. We are the good guys and they are the bad guys, period.
Several weeks later I was at a friend's house, and I was very upset and angry about all the hate and racism I had met. It was he who suggested that I should call them up and visit them. "They will kill me," I said. "They would never attack a member of the Danish Parliament," he said. "And anyway, if they killed you, you would become a martyr."
"So it's pure win-win situation for you."
His advice was so unexpected, when I got home, I turned on my computer and opened the folder where I had saved all the hate mail. There were literally hundreds of them. Emails that started with words like "terrorist," "raghead," "rat," "whore." I decided to contact the one who had sent me the most. His name was Ingolf. I decided to contact him just once so I could say at least I had tried. To my surprise and shock, he answered the phone. I blurted out, "Hello, my name is Özlem. You have sent me so many hate mails. You don't know me, I don't know you. I was wondering if I could come around and we can drink a coffee together and talk about it?"
There was silence on the line. And then he said, "I have to ask my wife."
What? The racist has a wife?
A couple of days later, we met at his house. I will never forget when he opened his front door and reached out to shake my hand. I felt so disappointed.
because he looked nothing like I'd imagined. I had expected a horrible person -- dirty, messy house. It was not. His house smelled of coffee which was served from a coffee set identical to the one my parents used. I ended up staying for two and a half hours. And we had so many things in common. Even our prejudices were alike.
Ingolf told me that when he waits for the bus and the bus stops 10 meters away from him, it was because the driver was a "raghead." I recognized that feeling. When I was young and I waited for the bus and it stopped 10 meters away from me, I was sure that the driver was a racist.
When I got home, I was very ambivalent about my experience. On the one hand, I really liked Ingolf. He was easy and pleasant to talk to, but on the other hand, I couldn't stand the idea of having so much in common with someone who had such clearly racist views. Gradually, and painfully, I came to realize that I had been just as judgmental of those who had sent me hate mails as they had been of me.
This was the beginning of what I call #dialoguecoffee. Basically, I sit down for coffee with people who have said the most terrible things to me to try to understand why they hate people like me when they don't even know me. I have been doing this the last eight years. The vast majority of people I approach agree to meet me. Most of them are men, but I have also met women. I have made it a rule to always meet them in their house to convey from the outset that I trust them. I always bring food because when we eat together, it is easier to find what we have in common and make peace together.
Along the way, I have learned some valuable lessons. The people who sent hate mails are workers, husbands, wives, parents like you and me. I'm not saying that their behavior is acceptable, but I have learned to distance myself from the hateful views without distancing myself from the person who's expressing those views. And I have discovered that the people I visit are just as afraid of people they don't know as I was afraid of them before I started inviting myself for coffee.
During these meetings, a specific theme keeps coming up. It shows up regardless whether I'm talking to a humanist or a racist, a man, a woman, a Muslim or an atheist. They all seem to think that other people are to blame for the hate and for the generalization of groups. They all believe that other people have to stop demonizing. They point at politicians, the media, their neighbor or the bus driver who stops 10 meters away. But when I asked, "What about you? What can you do?", the reply is usually, "What can I do? I have no influence. I have no power." I know that feeling. For a large part of my life, I also thought that I didn't have any power or influence -- even when I was a member of the Danish parliament. But today I know the reality is different. We all have power and influence where we are, so we must never, never underestimate our own potential.
The #dialoguecoffee meetings have taught me that people of all political convictions can be caught demonizing the others with different views. I know what I'm talking about. As a young child, I hated different population groups. And at the time, my religious views were very extreme. But my friendship with Turks, with Danes, with Jews and with racists has vaccinated me against my own prejudices. I grew up in a working-class family, and on my journey I have met many people who have insisted on speaking to me. They have changed my views. They have formed me as a democratic citizen and a bridge builder. If you want to prevent hate and violence, we have to talk to as many people as possible for as long as possible while being as open as possible. That can only be achieved through debate, critical conversation and insisting on dialogue that doesn't demonize people.
I'm going to ask you a question. I invite you to think about it when you get home and in the coming days, but you have to be honest with yourself. It should be easy, no one else will know it. The question is this ... who do you demonize? Do you think supporters of American President Trump are deplorables? Or that those who voted for Turkish President Erdoğan are crazy Islamists? Or that those who voted for Le Pen in France are stupid fascists? Or perhaps you think that Americans who voted for Bernie Sanders are immature hippies.
All those words have been used to vilify those groups. Maybe at this point, do you think I am an idealist?
I want to give you a challenge. Before the end of this year, I challenge you to invite someone who you demonize -- someone who you disagree with politically and/or culturally and don't think you have anything in common with. I challenge you to invite someone like this to #dialoguecoffee. Remember Ingolf? Basically, I'm asking you to find an Ingolf in your life, contact him or her and suggest that you can meet for #dialoguecofee.
When you start at #dialoguecoffee, you have to remember this: first, don't give up if the person refuses at first. Sometimes it's taken me nearly one year to arrange a #dialoguecoffee meeting. Two: acknowledge the other person's courage. It isn't just you who's brave. The one who's inviting you into their home is just as brave. Three: don't judge during the conversation. Make sure that most of the conversation focuses on what you have in common. As I said, bring food. And finally, remember to finish the conversation in a positive way because you are going to meet again. A bridge can't be built in one day.
We are living in a world where many people hold definitive and often extreme opinions about the others without knowing much about them. We notice of course the prejudices on the other side than in our own bases. And we ban them from our lives. We delete the hate mails. We hang out only with people who think like us and talk about the others in a category of disdain. We unfriend people on Facebook, and when we meet people who are discriminating or dehumanizing people or groups, we don't insist on speaking with them to challenge their opinions. That's how healthy democratic societies break down -- when we don't check the personal responsibility for the democracy. We take the democracy for granted. It is not. Conversation is the most difficult thing in a democracy and also the most important.
So here's my challenge. Find your Ingolf.
Start a conversation. Trenches have been dug between people, yes, but we all have the ability to build the bridges that cross the trenches.
And let me end by quoting my friend, Sergeot Uzan, who lost his son, Dan Uzan, in a terror attack on a Jewish synagogue in Copenhagen, 2015. Sergio rejected any suggestion of revenge and instead said this ... "Evil can only be defeated by kindness between people. Kindness demands courage." Dear friends, let's be courageous.Thank you.



Source:www.ted.com